![]() This article engages with the literature on transnational cinema, arguing not only that there are transnational and globalized influences on the Hmong film-making industry, but also crucial place-based ones.įilms made by and for particular social and ethnic peoples can reveal a great deal about identity issues. The American market for Hmong films is, however, facing serious challenges, leading Hmong American film-makers to look for new directions in producing and marketing films. Indeed, Khek Noi can appropriately be referred to as ‘Hmollywood’, even though there have been tensions between Hmong American film-makers and Hmong Thai who have worked for them. Khek Noi sub-district, Phetchabun Province - the most populous Hmong community in Thailand - is the centre of Hmong film-making because of political history, landscape, language, the skills that Hmong at Khek Noi have developed, and because Khek Noi has become a recognizable place for Hmong American film-makers. Most of them have been produced by 1.5-generation Hmong American men in Thailand, in collaboration with Hmong Thais who work for Hmong American producers as actors and in various other capacities. Hundreds of low-budget Hmong language films - comedies, action films, horror films, historical fiction movies, documentaries and others - have been produced for Hmong American audiences since the 1990s. THEORETICAL PREFACE The following case study offers a variation on contemporary approaches to researching and representing teachers' practical knowledge about their ![]() A theoretical preface explaining the methods of research and the modes of representation used in the Fresno Project is included. The study is based on real experiences, and employs composite characters and fictionalized dialogue to make its conceptual point. It uses a special format, a "sonata-form case study," to highlight tensions between specific curricular imperatives and meeting broader student needs. This case study was one of seven produced by the Fresno Science Education Equity Teacher Research Project. The case study concludes that teachers need some knowledge of the history of students' specific cultural groups in order to teach science well to all students. It also includes his understanding of Hmong history, which enables him to hear what his science curriculum means to one of his students. This knowledge includes the teacher's understanding of science and pedagogy. Instead, the study explores the knowledge the teacher draws upon to respond to the tension in a caring and constructive manner. The case study examines this tension, but does not resolve it. He also understands how his science curriculum can be one part of an array of cultural forces that are adversely affecting the Hmong community. A Hmong immigrant himself, the teacher believes the science he is teaching is important for all his students to learn. This case study illustrates and analyzes the tension an ESL science teacher encountered when his science curriculum came into conflict with the religious and cos-mological beliefs of one of his Hmong immigrant students. ![]() So the question follows – how has the FMG experience played out? Are their talents and personal attributes being utilized? What would be the ideal setting for FMGs? Keywords: Foreign / International medical graduates, primary care, complementary and alternative medicine Furthermore, with expansion of coverage under the Affordable Care Act (ACA), the need for PCPs is only set to grow. The premise for this discussion is that the American healthcare system is currently experiencing a severe shortage of primary care physicians (PCP) and in recent years FMGs have played a role in filling these gaps. Through an examination of some of their personal experiences coupled with reflection on areas of need within the American medical system today, the paper makes a proposal for how FMGs can most meaningfully contribute their skills and expertise in the future. This paper explores the opportunities offered, and challenges encountered, by foreign medical graduates (FMG) working in the American health care system.
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